Glossario Tecnico
Guida ai termini tecnici, standard e gradi dei materiali dell'industria dell'acciaio.
- 316L (1.4404)
- Low carbon austenitic stainless steel. 16-18% Cr, 10-14% Ni, 2-3% Mo. Excellent corrosion resistance. Used in chemical, food, marine and pharmaceutical industries.→
- 42CrMo4 (1.7225)
- Chrome-molybdenum alloy steel. 0.42% C, 1.0% Cr, 0.2% Mo. High fatigue strength and toughness. AISI 4140 equivalent. Used for gears, shafts, bolts and flanges.→
- ASME B16.5
- American standard defining dimensions, tolerances, materials and pressure-temperature ratings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings from NPS 1/2 through NPS 24.→
- ASME B16.9
- Standard defining dimensions and tolerances for factory-made wrought butt-welding fittings (elbows, tees, reducers, caps) from NPS 1/2 through NPS 48.
- ASME B16.47
- Standard specifying dimensions, tolerances and pressure-temperature ratings for large diameter steel flanges from NPS 26 through NPS 60. Available in Series A and Series B.→
- API 6A
- API standard defining design, material, testing and performance requirements for wellhead and christmas tree equipment in oil and natural gas production.
- Alloy Steel(Alaşım Çeliği)
- Steel type with added elements such as chromium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium to enhance mechanical properties. Grades like 42CrMo4, 4140, F22 are used in piping systems.→
- A105 (ASTM A105)
- Carbon steel forging standard for flanges and fittings. Used in ambient and elevated temperature applications (max 425°C). Minimum tensile strength 485 MPa.→
- Blind Flange(Kör Flanş)
- A solid flange without a bore, used to close the end of a piping system or for pressure testing. Available in all pressure classes per ASME B16.5/B16.47.→
- Cap(Kapak (Cap))
- A hemispherical or elliptical fitting used to close the end of a pipe. Applied by butt welding per ASME B16.9 standard.→
- Carbon Steel(Karbon Çeliği)
- Steel type with carbon as the main alloying element (0.05-2.0% C), offering high strength and machinability. Common grades include A105, A350 LF2, A516 Gr.70.→
- Cold Drawing(Soğuk Çekme)
- Process of pulling metal through a die at room temperature to reduce diameter and improve surface finish. Used in production of precision tolerance bars and tubes.→
- C45 (1.0503)
- Medium carbon unalloyed structural steel. 0.45% C. AISI 1045 equivalent. Good mechanical properties, widely used for shafts, pins, gears and machine parts.→
- DIN 2527
- German industrial standard for blind flanges in nominal pressures PN 6 through PN 400. Defines dimensional and tolerance requirements.
- DN (Nominal Diameter)(DN (Nominal Çap))
- Millimeter-based nominal diameter value used in European standards to specify the size of pipes and fittings. Common values range from DN 15 to DN 1500.→
- Elbow(Dirsek (Elbow))
- A curved fitting used where the pipeline needs to change direction. Produced in standard angles of 45 and 90 degrees, with short and long radius options.→
- EN 1092-1
- European standard for steel flanges from PN 2.5 to PN 400. Covers flange types, dimensions, facing finishes and pressure-temperature ratings.→
- Forging(Dövme)
- Process of shaping metal through plastic deformation under pressure. Open-die and closed-die forging methods are used in flange and fitting production.→
- Hot Rolling(Sıcak Haddeleme)
- Process of shaping metal by passing it between rollers above its recrystallization temperature (>900°C for steel). The primary method for steel bar and profile production.→
- Heat Treatment(Isıl İşlem)
- Controlled heating and cooling processes to modify metal mechanical properties. Normalizing, quenching, tempering and stress relieving are common methods.→
- Hardness (HRC, HB, HV)(Sertlik (HRC, HB, HV))
- Mechanical property measuring material resistance to permanent deformation. HRC (Rockwell C), HB (Brinell) and HV (Vickers) are common scales, tested per ASTM E18/E10/E92.→
- Lap Joint Flange(Gevşek Flanş)
- A flange used with a stub end that rotates freely on the pipe. Preferred in systems requiring frequent disassembly and reassembly.→
- NPS (Nominal Pipe Size)(NPS (Nominal Boru Ölçüsü))
- Inch-based nominal measurement used in American standards to specify pipe and fitting sizes. For NPS 14 and above, it represents the actual outside diameter.→
- Pressure Class(Basınç Sınıfı)
- Classification system indicating the maximum pressure-temperature combination that flanges and valves can withstand. ASME: Class 150-2500; EN: PN 2.5-400.→
- Reducer(Redüktör (Redüser))
- A conical transition piece used to connect two pipes of different diameters. Available in concentric and eccentric types. Manufactured per ASME B16.9.→
- Slip-On Flange(Geçme Flanş)
- A flange that slips over the pipe and is welded from both inside and outside. Provides an economical solution for low-pressure systems. Conforms to ASME B16.5.→
- Socket Weld Flange(Soket Kaynak Flanş)
- A flange where the pipe is inserted into a socket and fillet welded from the outside. Used in small-diameter, high-pressure lines (NPS 1/2 - 4).→
- Schedule (Pipe Wall Thickness)(Schedule (Boru Et Kalınlığı))
- Standard classification number indicating pipe wall thickness. Common values: SCH 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, XXS. Higher schedule numbers indicate greater wall thickness.
- Stainless Steel(Paslanmaz Çelik)
- Steel alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium with high corrosion resistance. Available in austenitic (304, 316L), ferritic (430) and martensitic (410) types.
- Shot Blasting(Bilyalı Kumlama)
- Process of cleaning scale, rust and contaminants from metal surfaces using high-velocity steel shot. Used for surface preparation before painting or coating.
- Threaded Flange(Dişli Flanş)
- A flange with internal threads that connects to the pipe by screwing without welding. Used in low-pressure, non-fire-hazard systems.→
- Tee(T-parça (Tee))
- A T-shaped fitting used to branch off at 90 degrees from the main pipeline. Available as equal tee and reducing tee types.→
- Tensile Strength(Çekme Dayanımı)
- Maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before fracture (MPa or psi). A fundamental mechanical parameter for steel grade determination, tested per ASTM A370.
- Weld Neck Flange(Kaynak Boyunlu Flanş)
- A flange with a long tapered hub connected to the pipe by butt welding, preferred for high-pressure and high-temperature applications. Manufactured per ASME B16.5 and B16.47 standards.→
- Yield Strength(Akma Dayanımı)
- Stress value at which a material begins to show permanent deformation (MPa). A critical parameter used in engineering design safety factor calculations.
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